壳聚糖聚乙二醇改性负离子皮革涂饰剂的制备与(4)
表2 成革物理机械性能测试结果Tab.2 Test resultsof physical and mechanical properties of leather改性负离子材料含量/% 0 1 2 3 3.6耐磨耗/级 3-4 4 4 4-5 4-5耐干擦/级 4-5 5 5 5 5耐湿擦/级 4 4 4 4-5 4-5
从表2中可以看出,壳聚糖/聚乙二醇/改性负离子材料的加入能有效改善成革的物理机械性能。壳聚糖膜的脆性较大,加入聚乙二醇可以有效提升膜的柔韧性,表现为耐磨性和耐干擦性能能得到明显提升,当改性负离子材料含量为3%时,成革耐磨耗和耐干擦分别从3-4级、4-5级提升至4-5级、5级[33]。成革耐湿擦提升程度较耐干擦、耐磨耗低,这可能是因为经聚乙二醇改性后,壳聚糖水溶性大幅度提升所致[34]。总的来说,壳聚糖与聚乙二醇的相互作用力能有效保护高分子的主链,经壳聚糖/聚乙二醇改性的负氧离子材料稳定性和分散性极高,在涂饰剂成膜过程中不易团聚、沉降[35],成革物理机械性能得到明显提升。
3 总结
(1)通过溶液共混法制备了稳定性高、分散性好的壳聚糖/聚乙二醇改性负离子材料,通过优化得出最佳制备条件为:壳聚糖用量60%、聚乙二醇用量40%和负离子材料用量100%,pH值控制为3。此时,改性负离子材料纳米粒度为2788 d·nm,粒径分布系数PDI为0.256,zeta电位为68.4 mV。
(2)壳聚糖/聚乙二醇含有的大量含氧官能团能在一定程度上促进负离子释放,较未经改性负离子材料可提升5%~10%,3.6%壳聚糖/聚乙二醇改性负离子材料涂饰成革负离子发生量可达2277个/cm3。
(3)壳聚糖/聚乙二醇改性负离子材料具有优异的成膜性与物理机械性能,涂饰后成革物理机械性能得到明显提升,耐磨耗可提升至4-5级,耐干擦可提升至5级,耐湿擦可提升至4-5级。
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